Carbamazepine Levels Related to the Demographic Indicators in Groundwater of Densely Populated Area

Consumption of pharmaceuticals by people is growing. Carbamazepine (CBZ) an extensively used anti-epileptic drug that recalcitrant to degradation. As a result, CBZ has been widely detected in the aquatic ecosystem due its daily consumption and drainage sewage systems. Leakages from networks septic tanks may represent one main sources groundwater. In this study, concentrations groundwater their correlations with demographic structure population were investigated densely populated Milan urban area. Seventy-six variables retrieved Italian Population Housing census. Twenty-one samples collected unconfined semi-confined aquifers area concentration was measured. Groundwater levels both associated data within circular buffer radius 1.5 km. All analyzed using multivariate statistical approach. The results showed significant association (p < 0.05) between specific segments population. Higher found be aged 70 years over (aging index), families having children under 5 (family index). addition, divorce index correlated high CBZ, whereas educated sexagenarian negative correlation. Our indicated contamination follows same pattern aquifers, which are for drinking water purposes Therefore, changing or replacing other drugs strongly influence